mirror of
https://github.com/sweetwisdom/everything-claude-code-zh.git
synced 2026-03-22 14:40:14 +00:00
495 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
495 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: security-review
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description: Use this skill when adding authentication, handling user input, working with secrets, creating API endpoints, or implementing payment/sensitive features. Provides comprehensive security checklist and patterns.
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---
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# 安全性審查技能
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此技能確保所有程式碼遵循安全性最佳實務並識別潛在漏洞。
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## 何時啟用
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- 實作認證或授權
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- 處理使用者輸入或檔案上傳
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- 建立新的 API 端點
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- 處理密鑰或憑證
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- 實作支付功能
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- 儲存或傳輸敏感資料
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- 整合第三方 API
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## 安全性檢查清單
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### 1. 密鑰管理
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#### ❌ 絕不這樣做
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```typescript
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const apiKey = "sk-proj-xxxxx" // 寫死的密鑰
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const dbPassword = "password123" // 在原始碼中
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```
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#### ✅ 總是這樣做
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```typescript
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const apiKey = process.env.OPENAI_API_KEY
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const dbUrl = process.env.DATABASE_URL
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// 驗證密鑰存在
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if (!apiKey) {
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throw new Error('OPENAI_API_KEY not configured')
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}
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 無寫死的 API 金鑰、Token 或密碼
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- [ ] 所有密鑰在環境變數中
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- [ ] `.env.local` 在 .gitignore 中
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- [ ] git 歷史中無密鑰
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- [ ] 生產密鑰在託管平台(Vercel、Railway)中
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### 2. 輸入驗證
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#### 總是驗證使用者輸入
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```typescript
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import { z } from 'zod'
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// 定義驗證 schema
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const CreateUserSchema = z.object({
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email: z.string().email(),
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name: z.string().min(1).max(100),
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age: z.number().int().min(0).max(150)
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})
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// 處理前驗證
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export async function createUser(input: unknown) {
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try {
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const validated = CreateUserSchema.parse(input)
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return await db.users.create(validated)
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} catch (error) {
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if (error instanceof z.ZodError) {
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return { success: false, errors: error.errors }
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}
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throw error
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}
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}
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```
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#### 檔案上傳驗證
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```typescript
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function validateFileUpload(file: File) {
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// 大小檢查(最大 5MB)
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const maxSize = 5 * 1024 * 1024
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if (file.size > maxSize) {
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throw new Error('File too large (max 5MB)')
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}
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// 類型檢查
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const allowedTypes = ['image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif']
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if (!allowedTypes.includes(file.type)) {
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throw new Error('Invalid file type')
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}
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// 副檔名檢查
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const allowedExtensions = ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif']
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const extension = file.name.toLowerCase().match(/\.[^.]+$/)?.[0]
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if (!extension || !allowedExtensions.includes(extension)) {
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throw new Error('Invalid file extension')
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}
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return true
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}
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 所有使用者輸入以 schema 驗證
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- [ ] 檔案上傳受限(大小、類型、副檔名)
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- [ ] 查詢中不直接使用使用者輸入
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- [ ] 白名單驗證(非黑名單)
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- [ ] 錯誤訊息不洩露敏感資訊
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### 3. SQL 注入預防
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#### ❌ 絕不串接 SQL
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```typescript
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// 危險 - SQL 注入漏洞
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const query = `SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = '${userEmail}'`
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await db.query(query)
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```
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#### ✅ 總是使用參數化查詢
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```typescript
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// 安全 - 參數化查詢
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const { data } = await supabase
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.from('users')
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.select('*')
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.eq('email', userEmail)
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// 或使用原始 SQL
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await db.query(
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'SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = $1',
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[userEmail]
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)
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 所有資料庫查詢使用參數化查詢
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- [ ] SQL 中無字串串接
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- [ ] ORM/查詢建構器正確使用
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- [ ] Supabase 查詢正確淨化
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### 4. 認證與授權
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#### JWT Token 處理
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```typescript
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// ❌ 錯誤:localStorage(易受 XSS 攻擊)
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localStorage.setItem('token', token)
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// ✅ 正確:httpOnly cookies
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res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
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`token=${token}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict; Max-Age=3600`)
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```
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#### 授權檢查
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```typescript
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export async function deleteUser(userId: string, requesterId: string) {
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// 總是先驗證授權
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const requester = await db.users.findUnique({
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where: { id: requesterId }
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})
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if (requester.role !== 'admin') {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: 'Unauthorized' },
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{ status: 403 }
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)
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}
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// 繼續刪除
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await db.users.delete({ where: { id: userId } })
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}
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```
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#### Row Level Security(Supabase)
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```sql
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-- 在所有表格上啟用 RLS
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ALTER TABLE users ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
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-- 使用者只能查看自己的資料
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CREATE POLICY "Users view own data"
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ON users FOR SELECT
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USING (auth.uid() = id);
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-- 使用者只能更新自己的資料
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CREATE POLICY "Users update own data"
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ON users FOR UPDATE
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USING (auth.uid() = id);
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] Token 儲存在 httpOnly cookies(非 localStorage)
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- [ ] 敏感操作前有授權檢查
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- [ ] Supabase 已啟用 Row Level Security
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- [ ] 已實作基於角色的存取控制
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- [ ] 工作階段管理安全
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### 5. XSS 預防
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#### 淨化 HTML
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```typescript
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import DOMPurify from 'isomorphic-dompurify'
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// 總是淨化使用者提供的 HTML
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function renderUserContent(html: string) {
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const clean = DOMPurify.sanitize(html, {
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ALLOWED_TAGS: ['b', 'i', 'em', 'strong', 'p'],
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ALLOWED_ATTR: []
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})
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return <div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: clean }} />
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}
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```
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#### Content Security Policy
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```typescript
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// next.config.js
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const securityHeaders = [
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{
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key: 'Content-Security-Policy',
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value: `
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default-src 'self';
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script-src 'self' 'unsafe-eval' 'unsafe-inline';
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style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline';
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img-src 'self' data: https:;
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font-src 'self';
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connect-src 'self' https://api.example.com;
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`.replace(/\s{2,}/g, ' ').trim()
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}
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]
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 使用者提供的 HTML 已淨化
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- [ ] CSP headers 已設定
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- [ ] 無未驗證的動態內容渲染
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- [ ] 使用 React 內建 XSS 保護
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### 6. CSRF 保護
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#### CSRF Tokens
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```typescript
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import { csrf } from '@/lib/csrf'
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export async function POST(request: Request) {
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const token = request.headers.get('X-CSRF-Token')
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if (!csrf.verify(token)) {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: 'Invalid CSRF token' },
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{ status: 403 }
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)
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}
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// 處理請求
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}
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```
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#### SameSite Cookies
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```typescript
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res.setHeader('Set-Cookie',
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`session=${sessionId}; HttpOnly; Secure; SameSite=Strict`)
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 狀態變更操作有 CSRF tokens
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- [ ] 所有 cookies 設定 SameSite=Strict
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- [ ] 已實作 Double-submit cookie 模式
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### 7. 速率限制
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#### API 速率限制
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```typescript
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import rateLimit from 'express-rate-limit'
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const limiter = rateLimit({
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windowMs: 15 * 60 * 1000, // 15 分鐘
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max: 100, // 每視窗 100 個請求
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message: 'Too many requests'
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})
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// 套用到路由
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app.use('/api/', limiter)
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```
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#### 昂貴操作
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```typescript
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// 搜尋的積極速率限制
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const searchLimiter = rateLimit({
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windowMs: 60 * 1000, // 1 分鐘
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max: 10, // 每分鐘 10 個請求
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message: 'Too many search requests'
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})
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app.use('/api/search', searchLimiter)
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 所有 API 端點有速率限制
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- [ ] 昂貴操作有更嚴格限制
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- [ ] 基於 IP 的速率限制
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- [ ] 基於使用者的速率限制(已認證)
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### 8. 敏感資料暴露
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#### 日誌記錄
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```typescript
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// ❌ 錯誤:記錄敏感資料
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console.log('User login:', { email, password })
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console.log('Payment:', { cardNumber, cvv })
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// ✅ 正確:遮蔽敏感資料
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console.log('User login:', { email, userId })
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console.log('Payment:', { last4: card.last4, userId })
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```
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#### 錯誤訊息
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```typescript
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// ❌ 錯誤:暴露內部細節
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catch (error) {
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: error.message, stack: error.stack },
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{ status: 500 }
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)
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}
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// ✅ 正確:通用錯誤訊息
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catch (error) {
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console.error('Internal error:', error)
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return NextResponse.json(
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{ error: 'An error occurred. Please try again.' },
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{ status: 500 }
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)
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}
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 日誌中無密碼、token 或密鑰
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- [ ] 使用者收到通用錯誤訊息
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- [ ] 詳細錯誤只在伺服器日誌
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- [ ] 不向使用者暴露堆疊追蹤
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### 9. 區塊鏈安全(Solana)
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#### 錢包驗證
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```typescript
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import { verify } from '@solana/web3.js'
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async function verifyWalletOwnership(
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publicKey: string,
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signature: string,
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message: string
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) {
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try {
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const isValid = verify(
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Buffer.from(message),
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Buffer.from(signature, 'base64'),
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Buffer.from(publicKey, 'base64')
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)
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return isValid
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} catch (error) {
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return false
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}
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}
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```
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#### 交易驗證
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```typescript
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async function verifyTransaction(transaction: Transaction) {
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// 驗證收款人
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if (transaction.to !== expectedRecipient) {
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throw new Error('Invalid recipient')
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}
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// 驗證金額
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if (transaction.amount > maxAmount) {
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throw new Error('Amount exceeds limit')
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}
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// 驗證使用者有足夠餘額
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const balance = await getBalance(transaction.from)
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if (balance < transaction.amount) {
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throw new Error('Insufficient balance')
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}
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return true
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}
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 錢包簽章已驗證
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- [ ] 交易詳情已驗證
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- [ ] 交易前有餘額檢查
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- [ ] 無盲目交易簽署
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### 10. 依賴安全
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#### 定期更新
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```bash
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# 檢查漏洞
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npm audit
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# 自動修復可修復的問題
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npm audit fix
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# 更新依賴
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npm update
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# 檢查過時套件
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npm outdated
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```
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#### Lock 檔案
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```bash
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# 總是 commit lock 檔案
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git add package-lock.json
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# 在 CI/CD 中使用以獲得可重現的建置
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npm ci # 而非 npm install
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```
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#### 驗證步驟
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- [ ] 依賴保持最新
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- [ ] 無已知漏洞(npm audit 乾淨)
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- [ ] Lock 檔案已 commit
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- [ ] GitHub 上已啟用 Dependabot
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- [ ] 定期安全更新
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## 安全測試
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### 自動化安全測試
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```typescript
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// 測試認證
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test('requires authentication', async () => {
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const response = await fetch('/api/protected')
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expect(response.status).toBe(401)
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})
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// 測試授權
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test('requires admin role', async () => {
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const response = await fetch('/api/admin', {
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headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` }
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})
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expect(response.status).toBe(403)
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})
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// 測試輸入驗證
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test('rejects invalid input', async () => {
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const response = await fetch('/api/users', {
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method: 'POST',
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body: JSON.stringify({ email: 'not-an-email' })
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})
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expect(response.status).toBe(400)
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})
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// 測試速率限制
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test('enforces rate limits', async () => {
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const requests = Array(101).fill(null).map(() =>
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fetch('/api/endpoint')
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)
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const responses = await Promise.all(requests)
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const tooManyRequests = responses.filter(r => r.status === 429)
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expect(tooManyRequests.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
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})
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```
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## 部署前安全檢查清單
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任何生產部署前:
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- [ ] **密鑰**:無寫死密鑰,全在環境變數中
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- [ ] **輸入驗證**:所有使用者輸入已驗證
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- [ ] **SQL 注入**:所有查詢已參數化
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- [ ] **XSS**:使用者內容已淨化
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- [ ] **CSRF**:保護已啟用
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- [ ] **認證**:正確的 token 處理
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- [ ] **授權**:角色檢查已就位
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- [ ] **速率限制**:所有端點已啟用
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- [ ] **HTTPS**:生產環境強制使用
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- [ ] **安全標頭**:CSP、X-Frame-Options 已設定
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- [ ] **錯誤處理**:錯誤中無敏感資料
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- [ ] **日誌記錄**:無敏感資料被記錄
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- [ ] **依賴**:最新,無漏洞
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- [ ] **Row Level Security**:Supabase 已啟用
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- [ ] **CORS**:正確設定
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- [ ] **檔案上傳**:已驗證(大小、類型)
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- [ ] **錢包簽章**:已驗證(如果是區塊鏈)
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## 資源
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- [OWASP Top 10](https://owasp.org/www-project-top-ten/)
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- [Next.js Security](https://nextjs.org/docs/security)
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- [Supabase Security](https://supabase.com/docs/guides/auth)
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- [Web Security Academy](https://portswigger.net/web-security)
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---
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**記住**:安全性不是可選的。一個漏洞可能危及整個平台。有疑慮時,選擇謹慎的做法。
|